含稀土磷矿石捕收剂研究进展     

张新海  周卫宁 《矿产与地质》2012,26(2):168-171

文章在介绍当前含稀土磷矿石综合利用现状的基础上,总结了近年来国内外含稀土磷矿浮选捕收剂的研究进展,并指出了今后含稀土磷矿石捕收剂的研发趋势。  相似文献   

南海北部陆坡高速堆积体沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨文光  谢昕  郑洪波  朱利东 《矿物岩石》2012,32(1):74-81

对南海北部陆坡MD05-2905站9个沉积物样品稀土元素进行分析,结果显示MD05-2905站沉积物中稀土含量总量(ΣREE)变化范围较大,其分布范围为60.66×10-6～350.37×10-6,平均值为174.59×10-6,其中全新世样品的稀土含量总量明显低于末次冰期样品,其球粒陨石分布模式与上地壳基本一致。对比发现,其ΣREE平均值相对接近中国黄土和珠江口,而与深海粘土中稀土元素的丰度相差较大,说明其主体可能来自陆源。稀土元素分馏参数δEu和δCe以及富集因子(EF)和判别函数(DF)揭示南海北部MD05-2905站沉积物与黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩都有联系,显示了多物源多传输方式的特征。另外发现富集因子(EF)和判别函数(DF)数值在末次冰期时期与全新世时期差别相对较大,末次冰期时期黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩的DF值都远远小于全新世时期,这可能反映末次冰期时黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩对南海北部的物源贡献更大,也反映末次冰期与全新世期间各个物源供给/传输方式可能发生变化。  相似文献   

Origins of yttrium and rare earth element distributions in metamorphic garnet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. J. Moore  W. D. Carlson  M. A. Hesse 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2013,31(6):663-689

Highly variable distributions of yttrium and rare earth elements (Y+REEs) are documented in pelitic garnet from the Picuris Mountains, New Mexico, and from Passo del Sole, Switzerland, and in mafic garnet from the Franciscan Complex, California. The wide variety of these Y+REE zoning patterns, and those described previously in other occurrences, imply diverse origins linked to differing degrees of mobility of these elements through the intergranular medium during garnet growth. In the Picuris Mountains, large, early‐nucleating crystals have radial profiles of Y+REE dominated by central peaks and annular maxima, in patterns that vary systematically with atomic number. Superimposed on these features are narrow spikes in HREEs and MREEs, located progressively rimward with decreasing atomic number. In contrast, profiles in small, late‐nucleating crystals contain only broad central maxima for all Y+REEs. In garnet from Passo del Sole, Y+REE zoning varies radically from sample to sample: in some rocks, crystals of all sizes display only central peaks for all Y+REEs; in others, profiles exhibit irregular fluctuations in Y+REE contents that match up with small‐scale patchy zoning in Y and Ca X‐ray maps. In the Franciscan Complex, Y+REE in garnet cores fluctuate unsystematically, but mantles and rims display concentric oscillatory zoning for both major elements and Y+REEs. Our interpretation of the complexity of Y+REE distributions in metamorphic garnet centres on the concept that these distributions vary primarily in response to the length scales over which these elements can equilibrate during garnet growth. Very short length scales of equilibration, due to low intergranular mobility, produce overprint zoning characterized by small‐scale irregularities. Higher but still restricted mobility yields diffusion‐controlled uptake, characterized by patterns of central peaks and annular maxima that vary with atomic number and are strongly influenced by T–t paths during garnet growth. Still greater mobility permits progressively greater, potentially rock‐wide, equilibration with major‐ and accessory‐phase assemblages, leading to mineralogical controls: an unchanging mineral assemblage during garnet growth produces bell‐shaped profiles resembling those produced by Rayleigh fractionation, whereas changes in major‐ and/or accessory‐phase assemblages produce profiles with distinct annuli and sharp discontinuities in concentration. The very high mobility associated with influxes of Y+REE‐bearing fluids can cause these element distributions to be dominated by factors external to the rock, yielding profiles characterized by abrupt shifts or oscillations that are not correlated to changes in mineral assemblages.  相似文献   

东南极冰盖上新世大规模退缩事件          下载免费PDF全文

刘小汉  韦利杰  黄费新  方爱民  琚宜太  李潇丽  周学君 《地质科学》2013,(2):419-434

笔者近年对东南极内陆格罗夫山(Grove Mountains)开展了上新世以来冰盖表面波动的综合研究,运用冰川地质、地貌、土壤、沉积岩、孢粉组合及宇宙核素等各种方法手段,提出东南极大冰盖形成以后并非稳定演化至今,而在上新世早期时发生过大规模退缩,其前缘至少曾经退缩到格罗夫山地区,距现今冰盖边缘约400 km。之后,冰盖又迅速膨胀,到距今2.3 Ma时,冰面至少超过现今高度约400 m。以后冰面缓慢平稳下降,至1.6 Ma时,东南极冰盖进入第四纪振荡期,但重新上升的冰面再也没有超过现今高度的100 m以上。东南极冰盖大规模消融事件在全球尺度上也有所响应,例如北半球大冰盖形成,青藏高原整体剧烈隆升,塔里木盆地黄土出现等。这类行星尺度的气候变化可能与直布罗陀海峡关闭与地中海盐化事件,巴拿马地峡关闭等大地构造事件有关。  相似文献   

青藏高原大地构造演化——主要构造-热事件的制约及其成因探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王二七 《地质科学》2013,48(2):334-353

尽管青藏高原具有至少5 000万年漫长的演化历史,但是我们对它的认识多是基于一些持续时间很短的构造、沉积、热和气候等事件。在前人的研究基础上,本文对发生在高原内的主要构造-热事件进行梳理,并在时空上进行对比,试图确定相对合理的动力学控制因素。在新生代早期(～50 Ma)和中新世中晚期(～10 Ma),印度板块运动速率发生两次大幅度衰减,前一事件被认为与印度与欧亚大陆碰撞有关,后一事件被认为与高原向外扩展有关,成因是高原的底部岩石圈的剥离和由此引发的均衡反弹。除此以外,在高原内还发生过两次事件,虽然它们没有反应在印度板块运动速率的变化,但是留下的痕迹遍布高原。一次是高原内部区域性挤压缩短的停止,平坦的高原面得以发育,另一次是高原周边山脉的隆升,这两次事件都发生在新生代中期(～25 Ma)。这两次构造事件呈现的"此消彼长"关系反映出高原向外的扩展,成因是否是高原岩石圈底部的剥离还是个未知数。由此可以得出结论,即:中央高原现今的构造与地貌格架定型于早期事件(～25 Ma),而高原周边造山带现今的构造和地貌格架定型于晚期事件(～10 Ma)。即使是新生代中期的扩展事件,在时间上也远远滞后于印度与欧亚大陆的碰撞时间,青藏高原新生代早期(50～35 Ma)在很大程度上仍是一段哑历史,该时期到底发生了什么？这是一个值得探索的科学问题。  相似文献   

Soldiers Cap Group iron‐formations,Mt Isa Inlier,Australia, as windows into the hydrothermal evolution of a base‐metal‐bearing Proterozoic rift basin     

O. J. Hatton  G. J. Davidson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1):85-106

The Proterozoic Soldiers Cap Group, a product of two major magmatic rift phases separated by clastic sediment deposition, hosts mineralised (e.g. Pegmont Broken Hill‐type deposit) and barren iron oxide‐rich units at three main stratigraphic levels. Evaluation of detailed geological and geochemical features was carried out for one lens of an apatite‐garnet‐rich, laterally extensive (1.9 km) example, the Weatherly Creek iron‐formation, and it was placed in the context of reconnaissance studies of other similar units in the area. Chemical similarities with iron‐formations associated with Broken Hill‐type Pb–Zn deposit iron‐formations are demonstrated here. Concordant contact relationships, mineralogy, geochemical patterns and pre‐deformational alteration all indicate that the Soldiers Cap Group iron‐formations are mainly hydrothermal chemical sediments. Chondrite normalised REE patterns display positive Eu and negative Ce anomalisms, are consistent with components of both high‐temperature, reduced, hydrothermal fluid (≥250°C) and cool oxidised seawater. Major element data suggest a largely mafic provenance for montmorillonitic clays and other detritus during chemical sedimentation, consistent with westward erosion of Cover Sequence 2 volcanic rocks, rather than local mafic sources. Ni enrichment is most consistent with hydrogenous uptake by Mn‐oxides or carbonates. Temperatures inferred from REE data indicate that although they are not strongly enriched, base metals such as Pb and Zn are likely to have been transported and deposited prior to or following iron‐formation deposition. Most chemical sedimentation pre‐dated emplacement of the major mafic igneous sill complexes present in the upper part of the basin. Heating of deep basinal brines in a regional‐scale aquifer by deep‐seated mafic magma chambers is inferred to have driven development of hydrothermal fluids. Three major episodes of extension exhausted this aquifer, but were succeeded by a final climactic extensional phase, which produced widespread voluminous mafic volcanism. The lateral extent of the iron‐formations requires a depositional setting such as a sea‐floor metalliferous sediment blanket or series of brine pools, with iron‐formation deposition likely confined to much smaller fault‐fed areas surrounded by Fe–Mn–P–anomalous sediments. These relationships indicate that in such settings, major sulfide deposits and their associated chemical sediment marker horizons need not overlie major igneous sequences. Rather, the timing of expulsion of hydrothermal fluid reflects the interplay between deep‐seated heating, extension and magmatism.  相似文献   

汶川震区暴雨泥石流发生的降雨阈值   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

周伟  唐川 《水科学进展》2013,24(6):786-793

搜集了汶川震区暴雨泥石流发生的降雨数据,采用詹氏法和修正法两种雨场分割法对其进行处理,研究了降雨参数（降雨强度、累积雨量和降雨历时）与泥石流发生之间的关系,建立了汶川震区暴雨泥石流发生的降雨阈值模型。结果表明:采用詹氏法和修正法这两种雨场分割方法所获得的降雨参数之间存在差异。两者的累积雨量差异不大,但后者的平均雨强要小于前者,其原因在于修正法改善了詹氏法估计降雨时间过短的缺点,延长了降雨历时。通过分析平均雨强~历时、累积雨量~历时、标准化平均雨强~历时和标准化累积雨量~历时之间的关系,采用单线法建立了汶川震区暴雨泥石流发生的降雨阈值。研究成果在四川省绵竹市清平乡的泥石流灾害事件中进行了应用与验证,结果表明该方法具有合理性和可行性。  相似文献   

福建罗源湾潮滩沉积过程对人类活动和台风事件的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王爱军  叶翔 《沉积学报》2013,31(4):639-645

潮滩地区是人类活动和台风事件影响最为显著的地区之一,利用潮滩沉积记录可以提取影响区域重大人类活动和台风事件的历史变化。罗源湾潮滩中上部盐沼和光滩柱状沉积物粒度分析结果显示,罗源湾潮滩沉积物以细颗粒为主,盐沼内部和潮滩中上部光滩柱状沉积物平均粒径分别为5.41~45.00 μm和5.4~68.82 μm,但在不同深度出现多次沉积物变粗的现象;利用210Pb测试计算得到的沉积速率分别为1.96 cm/a和1.23 cm/a;近年来的围填海活动导致潮间带地区沉积速率显著增大,互花米草的引种也进一步导致潮间带上部沉积速率增大。台风的强烈影响使得潮间带沉积出现间断,在沉积间断界面出现沉积物粒度变粗的现象,由此推断了近170年来显著影响罗源湾地区的台风事件沉积层的位置,并由此计算了不同时段的沉积速率。根据柱状沉积物粒度分析结果,不仅可以反演近百年来的对罗源湾产生重要影响的台风事件,也可以反演20世纪50年代以来罗源湾经历的几次较大规模的人类活动。  相似文献   

西藏羌塘盆地白垩纪中期构造事件的磷灰石裂变径迹证据   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王立成  魏玉帅 《岩石学报》2013,29(3):1039-1047

拉萨与羌塘地块于白垩纪中期的碰撞造山对羌塘原型盆地的热体制和构造演化有着重要影响.运用磷灰石裂变径迹方法,对羌塘盆地隆鄂尼夏里组和托纳木雪山组砂岩分析表明,裂变径迹年龄集中在120～ 80Ma之间,表明在白垩纪中期,羌塘盆地普遍发生了一次构造抬升事件,该期构造事件的年龄与盆地内早白垩世的岩浆热事件、主要构造变形作用发生在晚白垩世以及雪山组和阿布山组角度不整合的时代(125～75Ma)较一致,是拉萨与羌塘地块碰撞造山事件的记录.热历史模拟表明,白垩纪中期构造事件对羌塘盆地南部和北部的热演化历史有着差异影响,羌塘盆地南部降温速率相对不大,抬升剥蚀厚度约1500m,而北部古地温迅速降温到近地表温度,抬升剥蚀厚度近4000m.这种差异抬升剥蚀可能与班公湖-怒江洋壳向南俯冲使得因拉萨地块构造负载而导致羌塘地块的挠曲有关.  相似文献   

基于Matlab的最小相位滤波在处理影区地震中的初步研究     

隆爱军  夏仕安  陈海博  王燚坤 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(5):362-365

研究基于Matlab的最小相位滤波器在处理影区地震中的应用。使用共轭倒序法设计滤波器对合肥地震台记录的中国台湾影区地震进行滤波处理,有效抑制地动噪声干扰,突出地震信号特征,为地震分析提供较好的帮助。  相似文献